Thermal Resilience of Buildings

How do building age, energy retrofitting, construction characteristics and occupancy conditions affect a building’s ability to withstand periods of extreme heat?

Based on scientific research led by Professor Marialena-Nikē Asimakopoulou, the study examines the thermal performance of residential and commercial buildings in Attica.

Between July and October 2025, systematic temperature and humidity measurements were conducted across different building types to assess the factors influencing their thermal resilience.

Key Findings

1. Older, non-renovated spaces record average temperatures 2°C higher than newer or adequately insulated buildings.
2. Substantial energy retrofitting can significantly improve the thermal performance of even older buildings.
3. Green roofs help reduce extreme temperatures, while natural ventilation and the specific characteristics of each space influence indoor conditions.

Guidelines and Practices for Resilient Cities

What interventions can help mitigate urban overheating and strengthen the resilience of Greek cities to climate change?

The study, developed with the participation of Professor Konstantinos Kartalis in the research team, examines the impacts of climate change on the urban environment and presents specific recommendations for adapting cities to changing climatic conditions.

By analysing the factors that influence the urban microclimate, the study identifies nine categories of interventions, with particular emphasis on expanding urban greenery, improving public spaces, using appropriate materials and integrating bioclimatic design principles.

Key Findings

1. Urban parks and tree planting contribute to the natural cooling of cities, with temperatures in densely vegetated parks potentially being 4°C lower than in the surrounding built environment.
2. The use of cool materials on roads and pavements can help reduce heat stress. For example, a simulation for Omonia Square showed a potential reduction in air temperature of 0.3°C to 1°C.
3. The creation of green corridors, the development of urban rain gardens and bioclimatic urban planning are key interventions for strengthening climate resilience and improving living conditions.

Climate Risks in Greek Cities

How is climate change affecting Greek cities today, and what risks are they expected to face in the coming decades?

The study, scientifically coordinated by Professor Konstantinos Kartalis, examines current and future climate conditions in Athens, Thessaloniki and Gournes, Heraklion.

Drawing on historical climate data, microclimate simulations and climate change scenarios, the study explores trends in temperature, heatwave frequency and duration, as well as the thermal characteristics of different areas, presenting projections through 2060.

Key Findings

1. Average annual temperatures have risen significantly in recent decades, with Thessaloniki recording an increase of 0.99°C and Athens 0.74°C during 2011–2022, compared with 1981–2010.
2. Heatwaves and tropical nights are becoming more frequent and lasting longer, increasing heat stress in urban areas.
3. By 2060, climate projections indicate an increase in average annual temperatures of 1.6°C to 1.9°C across the areas studied, compared with 1971–2000, highlighting the need to adapt urban planning.